مستقبل ممكن
If it rains, we will stay home.
مستقبل محتمل، خيال في الحاضر، أو ماضٍ انتهى: تعلّم اختيار الحالة من المعنى.
جزء If يذكر الشرط، والجزء الآخر يذكر النتيجة. الزمن والحقيقة المقصودة هما مفتاح الاختيار.
If it rains, we will stay home.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
If I had studied, I would have passed.
If you study, you will pass. = You will pass if you study.
نضع فاصلة عندما تبدأ الجملة بـ If، ولا نحتاجها عندما تأتي في النهاية.
If she studies, she will pass.
قد تدرس وقد تنجح.
If we don't hurry, we will miss the bus.
If you call me, I will help you.
What will you do if it rains?
If I had wings, I would fly.
If I won the lottery, I would travel.
If I were you, I would apologize.
If he didn't work, he wouldn't earn money.
نتخيل نتيجة مختلفة لحدث ماضٍ، وغالبًا نستخدمها للندم أو النقد. لا يمكن تغيير الحدث الآن.
If I had studied, I would have passed.
الحقيقة: لم أدرس ولم أنجح.
If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
الحقيقة: تأخروا وفاتهم القطار.
If she hadn't called, I wouldn't have known.
I would have helped if I had known.
| الحالة | الزمن والمعنى | بعد If | النتيجة |
|---|---|---|---|
| الأولى | مستقبل ممكن | present simple | will + base |
| الثانية | حاضر خيالي أو مستقبل بعيد | past simple | would + base |
| الثالثة | ماضٍ انتهى وعكس الحقيقة | had + V3 | would have + V3 |
If I see Ali, I will tell him.
قد أراه لاحقًا.
If I saw Ali, I would tell him.
رؤيته الآن بعيدة.
If I had seen Ali, I would have told him.
لم أره في الماضي.
توجد تمارين على الحالات الثلاث. اكتب الصياغة كاملة ثم تحقق.
If it rains, we ___ (stay) home.
If I were rich, I ___ (buy) a house.
If we had left earlier, we ___ (catch) the bus.
If she ___ (study), she would have passed.
الامتحان انتهى وأتخيل نتيجة مختلفة.
If I would have known, I would have helped.
had / if / called / you / would / come / I / have
اكتب ندمًا بسيطًا بالحالة الثالثة.