الإثبات
She had finished her work.
اختصار: She'd finished.
عندما وقع حدثان في الماضي، يساعدنا الماضي التام على معرفة أيهما وقع أولًا.
تخيّل خطًا زمنيًا فيه حدثان انتهيا. الحدث الأقدم نضعه في الماضي التام.
The train had left.
Past PerfectWe arrived.
Past Simpleالمعنى: القطار غادر أولًا، ثم وصلنا بعد ذلك.
She had finished her work.
اختصار: She'd finished.
She had not finished her work.
اختصار: She hadn't finished.
Had she finished her work?
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
After he had eaten, he went to sleep.
She was tired because she had not slept well.
I had never seen snow before I moved to Canada.
By 8 p.m., they had completed the project.
| الكلمة | المعنى | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| before | قبل | He had left before I called. |
| after | بعد | After we had eaten, we left. |
| by the time | بحلول الوقت | By the time I arrived, they had gone. |
| already | بالفعل | She had already finished. |
| never | لم يسبق | I had never flown before. |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect | |
|---|---|---|
| الصياغة | V2 | had + V3 |
| وظيفته | حدث ماضٍ | الحدث الأقدم بين حدثين |
| مثال | I arrived at 9. | He had left before 9. |
I ate dinner and watched TV.
حدثان متتابعان؛ الماضي البسيط كافٍ.
I watched TV after I had eaten dinner.
الأكل اكتمل قبل المشاهدة.
When I arrived, they ___ (leave).
She had ___ (write) the email.
وصلت الشرطة بعد أن هرب اللص.
He had went home before I called.
had / the film / started / we / when / arrived
اكتب جملة عن حدث انتهى قبل وصولك.